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Type [Bloom Month(s)]
First Date(s)
Comments
N NATIVE
E EDENTON HEIRLOOM
P DONALD PARKER
X NOT CURRENTLY IN GARDEN
Perennial [7, 8]
1780s: Mt. Vernon
Greece.
Perennial Herb [5, 6]
1780s: Mt. Vernon
Much of the USA including NC. White flower.
N
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
1709 J. Lawson; 1736 Wm Byrd II; 1761 Bethabara, NC
Europe, Western Asia. Pinkish/purple flower.
X
Perennial [5, 6]
1780s: Mt. Vernon
Europe and temperate Asia. ‘Taygetea’ thought to be a garden hybrid whose parents are possibly A. millefolium and A. clypeolata. Yellow flower.
X
Perennial Herb [7, 8, 9]
1793: J. Skipwith
Extremely toxic, does not divide or transplant well, avoid sap on hands
N X
Perennial [N/A]
1736: Wm Byrd II
Quebec to MN & south to GA & LA.
N E
Perennial Herb [7, 8, 9]
Native to North America
N X
Perennial [4, 5]
1780s: Mt. Vernon
Europe. 1649 Culpeper.
Biennial [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
1631: J.Winthrop,Jr; 1735: Collinson sent to Custis; 1767: T. Jefferson; 1793: J. Skipwith
Eastern Mediterranean. Winthrop was founder and governor of Connecticut arriving in the colonies in 1631.
E X
Perennial Bulb [5, 6]
Central Asia. Listed by Linnaeus (1707-1778).
Annual Vegetable [7, 8]
1759: Bethabara; 1809: T. Jefferson
Temperate Northern Hemisphere. Sacred to and not eaten by the Egyptians. Small bulbs form at top of stalk.
Perennial Vegetable [4]
1802: M’Mahon
Originated from wild species Allium altaicum (NW China & Kazakhstan). Brought to Europe in 1629 - Hatfield House/Cranborne Garden Centre.
Vegetable [4]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1790s: Faris
Portugal & N. Africa to Turkey, Iran & Tajikistan. Originated from wild species Allium ampeloprasum.
X
Perennial Herb [4, 5, 6]
1709: J. Lawson; 1736: Wm Byrd II
Europe, Asia (China). Purple flower head.
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
India, China. Described/recorded by J. P. Rottler (1749-1836) and George Don (1764-1814). Don called it A. uliginosum. Favretti gives dates as being suitable for 1776-1850 gardens.
X
Perennial Herb [7, 8]
South America. Introduced to England in 1784. C. L. L’Heritier (1746-1800).
P X
Annual [10, 11, 12]
1709: J. Lawson; 1760: Townley (Boston); 1767: T. Jefferson
American/African/Asian tropics (East Indies). Introduced to England in 1596. Plant in July to avoid cucumber beetle predation.
X
Annual [7, 8, 9]
1786: T. Jefferson
South Central Mexico
X
Tree [6]
1804: T. Jefferson
Native to eastern Canada and the US (ME to FL to TX). Jefferson lists as A. canadensis.
N X
Perennial [4, 5]
1793: J. Skipwith
N.E. and Central United States.
N
Annual Tuber [2, 3, 4]
1655: Van der Donck; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1790s: Faris; 1807: M’Mahon & T. Jefferson
Southern Europe, Mediterranean. Introduced to Britain in 1592. The DeCaen hybrids were developed in the Caen & Bayeux districts of northern France in the 18th century.
Annual Herb [6, 7]
1709: J. Lawson; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1761: Bethabara
Europe. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P
Annual Herb [5, 6, 7]
1759: Bethabara; 1786: Crowells
Europe & Western Asia.
P X
Annual [5, 6]
1771: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Mediterranean
Vegetable [N/A]
1672: Josselyn; 1759: Bethabara; 1767: T. Jefferson; 1803: Davenport
Europe after 1640. 1722 Joseph Miller.
Perennial [4, 5]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1791: T. Jefferson
N. American native, North Carolina.
N E P
Tree [10, 11, 12]
1737: Collinson sent to Custis
Mediterranean, W. Europe, France, Ireland. Fruit & Flower at same time!
X
Perennial [6]
Canary Islands. Linnaeus (1707-1778), has distinctive feathery foliage.
X
Perennial Herb [8]
1759: Bethabara; 1794: T. Jefferson
Eastern Europe. 1722 Joseph Miller.
Perennial Herb [9]
1761: Bethabara; 1794: T. Jefferson
Europe (Spain & Italy). Introduced to Britain in 1548. 1746 Tho. Short.
P
Annual Herb [8]
1709: J. Lawson
Temperate regions of the northern hemisphere
N X
Perennial Herb [8, 9]
1760: Mt. Vernon; 1802: M’Mahon; 1806: T. Jefferson
Europe. 1722 Joseph Miller.
P
Perennial Herb [7, 8]
Temperate regions of Northern Hemisphere, native to western USA and Mexico and adventive to the eastern seaboard.
N
Perennial [6, 7, 8]
1736: J. Custis; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1783: Bartram
N. American native.
N P
Perennial [N/A]
1736: Wm Byrd II
Eastern N. America to Rocky Mtns
N
Perennial [9, 10]
1793: J. Skipwith
N. America (ME to FL and west to MO). White flower.
N X
Annual Herb [7, 8, 9]
1790s: Faris; 1802 M’Mahon; 1813: T. Jefferson
Asia. Naturalized to Europe and N. America.
P X
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
1620s: Brought by Puritans
Europe, Western Asia. Linnaeus (1707-1778).
P X
Perennial [5, 6]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1783: Bartram
N. American native.
N
Perennial [7, 8]
1793 J. Skipwith, 1807 T. Jefferson
Asia
Perennial [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
1629; 1761: Bethabara; 1771: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Europe. NC State Univ. describes it as a perennial grown as a tender biennial.
Annual vegetable [N/A]
1759 Bethabara
Mediterranean, Sicily. A member of the beet family.
X
Perennial Vine [6, 7]
Native VA to IL to FL/LA, first taken to Europe @1700
N X
Perennial [8, 9]
Eastern & Central USA
N X
Annual Herb [6]
1709: J. Lawson; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1761: Bethabara
Europe, North Africa. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short. Edible flower.
P X
Annual Vegetable [N/A]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1736: Collinson sent to Custis; 1759: Bethabara
Europe and Mediterranean. 1722 Joseph Miller.
P X
Shrub [N/A]
1966: Introduced by Sheridan Nursery
Sheridan Nursery hybrid box introduced in 1966, and similar in growth to B. sempervirens ‘Arborescens’ but more refined. Also planted on either side of the path leading from back door to the herb garden.
Shrub [N/A]
1736: Collinson sent to Custis; 1737: SC Gazette; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Europe, Africa, Asia.
P
Shrub [N/A]
1652: Long Island, Nathaniel Sylvester; 1807: Bartram; 1811: Landreth
Europe, Africa, Asia.
P
Shrub [N/A]
Europe, Africa, Asia. Ours is grown from a cutting taken in Colonial Williamsburg.
Annual Herb [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
1631: J.Winthrop,Jr; 1767: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
France, Italy. 1746 Tho. Short. Dies out in the summer.
X
Shrub [7, 8]
1724: M. Catesby sent them to England from SC; 1771: T. Jefferson
Eastern N. America (MD to FL to TX). Inconspicuous flowers but known for its clusters of bright purple berries in the fall.
N
Annual [8, 9]
1735: J. Custis; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1792: Wm. Faris; 1800: G. French
China. Introduced 1728.
X
Shrub [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
1760 & 1778: T. Jefferson; 1783: Bartram; 1785: Mt. Vernon; 1790s: Faris; 1793: J. Skipwith
N. American native, Southeastern US. In 1726 M. Catesby sent them to England.
N P
Shrub [1, 2, 12]
1790: Michaux gave to H. Middleton, Charleston; 1798: John Stevens NJ; 1800: Michael Floy, NY
Korea, China, Japan. Introduced in 1740. ‘Single Red’ or double white ‘Alba Plena’ (Intro. 1597) are earliest varieties. Known as “Japonica” in the South. ‘Reine de Fleurs’ given to Henry Middleton by Andre Michaux, Charleston, SC in 1790. Camellia sasanqua arrived later.
X
Shrub [9, 10, 11]
1735: Savannah Trustees’ Garden; 1760: Bethabara; 1786: Michaux, Charleston
China, Japan. Also 1807 Bartram’s catalogue.
X
Biennial [5, 6, 7]
1760: Townley (Boston); 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1799: G. French; 1802: M’Mahon
Southern Europe. Introduced 1597. 1812 T. Jefferson.
X
Perennial [5, 6, 7]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1802: M’Mahon
Eurasia. Introduced to Britain in 1596.
X
Vine [7, 8, 9, 10]
1731: M. Catesby; 1737: Brickell; 1771: T. Jefferson; 1783: Bartram
N. American native, Southeastern USA.
N P X
Annual Herb [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
1759: Bethabara; 1767: T. Jefferson
Central America to Columbia. 1649 Culpeper.
P X
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
Madagascar. Philip Miller (1691-1771) Chelsea Physick Garden. 1759 Linnaeus.
X
Vine [5, 6]
1783: Bartram
Introduced in 1736.
N P X
Annual [8, 9, 10]
1738: J. Custis; 1767: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1792: Wm. Faris
Asiatic tropics. Cultivated in Britain in 1740. ‘Pink Candle’ is best performer, but strict nostalgic gardeners would use only red as pink came later.
Annual [8, 9]
1738: Collinson sent to Custis; 1767: T. Jefferson
Asiatic tropics. Cultivated in Britain in 1570. Some horticulturists maintain a distinction between C. argentea and C. cristata; however, both infiltrated the American colonies by the middle of the 18th C.
X
Annual to Biennial [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
1760: Townley (Boston); 1780s: Mt. Vernon; ca. 1800: T. Jefferson
Europe & Northern Asia. Can be invasive.
X
Perennial [6, 7]
1802: M’Mahon
Mediterranean region. England 16th Century. Can become invasive from self sowing.
X
Tree [4]
1709: J. Lawson 1735: J. Custis; 1771: T. Jefferson
N. American native, Canada to Florida and west to Texas and Mexico. Cultivated in 1641.
N
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1761: Bethabara; 1794: T. Jefferson
Europe, North Africa, Azores. 1649 Culpeper. 1746 Tho. Short. Does not grow well here, too hot.
X
Tree [5, 6]
1735: J. Custis
Southeastern USA
N
Perennial [11]
1735: J. Bartram
Europe, North Africa (White and Yellow)
Vine [5, 6]
Southern USA
N
Annual [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
1780s: Mt. Vernon
Subtropical & tropical zones all over the world
X
Shrub [7, 8]
1751: J. Bartram; 1771: T. Jefferson
N. American native, Maine to Florida & Texas. Introduced to England in 1730.
N
Perennial Corm [9]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith
Central to Southeastern Europe including Britain
X
Perennial [9, 10]
1780s: Mt. Vernon
N. American native (Eastern USA)
N
Annual [5, 6]
1760: Townley (Boston); 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1802: M’Mahon
Mediterranean, West & Central Asia. 1722 Joseph Miller.
P
Perennial Rhizome [4]
1672: Josselyn; 1738: Collinson sent to Custis; 1771: T. Jefferson
France to Siberia and colder parts of N. America. Introduced 1568. 1746 Tho. Short.
E
Perennial [5, 6, 7]
1804: M’Mahon
N. American native (VA to WI and south to GA & TN).
N P
Perennial [6]
N. American native (Southeastern USA)
N X
Annual Herb [5]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1761: Bethabara; 1820: T. Jefferson
Western Mediterranean. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P X
Tree [4]
1709: J. Lawson; 1712: Virginia; 1735: J. Custis; 1771: T. Jefferson
N. American native, Eastern USA. Cultivated in 1731.
N P
Perennial Corm [10, 11]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1790s: Faris; 1802: M’Mahon; 1807: T. Jefferson
Europe, N. Africa, and temperate Asia. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
Perennial Corm [1, 2, 3]
1684: W. Byrd (VA); 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith; 1802: M’Mahon
Eastern & Central Europe. ‘Pickwick’ is white striped lilac flower. Rabbits are fond of this.
Perennial [8, 9, 10]
1739-40: Collinson sent to Custis
Southeastern France thru Turkey
Tree [6]
1736: Wm. Byrd II; 1759: Bethabara; 1769: T. Jefferson
Persia and Anatolia. Prized for its edible fruit unlike the Flowering Quince (Chaenomeles speciosa).
X
Tender Perennial Herb [6, 7]
1793: M. Collins, Va Gazette; 1802: M’Mahon
Mediterranean. Dates to 4th century BC in Greece. Nearly invisible spines can cause substantial pain - wear gloves! Seed can be highly invasive!
Perennial [9, 10]
China (Dendranthema cultivars were brought from China to Europe in late 18th century). A pink chrysanthemum-like flower.
E
Perennial [5]
1760: Townley (Boston); 1767: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith
Europe, Asia. Introduced in 1533. Although a perennial it is quite short-lived and degenerates after its second year. In the garden it is best treated as a biennial.
P X
Annual [6, 7, 8]
1738 Collinson sent to Custis
N. China, Korea, Mongolia, SE Russia
Perennial [4, 5, 6]
1760: Townley (Boston); 1767: T. Jefferson
From Cheddar Gorge in England.
P X
Perennial [4, 5, 6]
1760: Townley (Boston); 1767: T. Jefferson
Southeastern Europe. Introduced in 1629.
X
Perennial [5, 6, 7]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1742: Collinson sent to Custis; 1761: Bethabara
Mediterranean and temperate Asia. 1793 J. Skipwith. 1807 T. Jefferson.
X
Biennial [5, 6, 7]
1737: Collinson sent to Custis; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1802: M’Mahon
Spain and Portugal. Introduced to Britain by 1600 and now naturalized.
Tree [5, 6]
Only female trees bear fruit.
N X
Perennial Herb [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
1783: Bartram
Native of USA (from MI to LA)
N
Annual [7, 8, 9, 10]
1776-1850: T. Jefferson
Africa (Madagascar). Introduced to England in 1799.
X
Tree [11]
Introduced in 1784; 1793: Simpson (Virginia); 1824 Landreth
China, Japan.
P
Annual [3, 4, 5, 6]
W. Faris; 1790
Southern Europe
Tree [N/A (see comments)]
1621 Virginia 1629 Jamestown, NY; 1769: T. Jefferson 1771 Prince Nursery
Western Asia, Southern Europe. Introduced to Britain in the 16th C. Tiny flowers are found on the inside wall of the fruit (synconium) and are fertilized by wasps.
P
Perennial [5]
1806: M’Mahon
Europe, Western Asia. Long cultivated. 1649 Culpeper.
Perennial Herb [6, 7]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1761: Bethabara
Mediterranean. 1649 Culpeper. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P
Perennial [4, 5]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1766: T. Jefferson
Temperate North America. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
N X
Perennial Bulb [3, 4]
1737: Brickell; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1802: M’Mahon; 1808: T. Jefferson
Central/Southern/Eastern Europe. Has a double flower. Does not perform well in the garden.
X
Perennial Bulb [2, 3]
1737: Brickell; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1802: M’Mahon; 1808: T. Jefferson
Central/Southern/Eastern Europe. Does not perform well in the garden.
X
Perennial Herb [4, 5]
Europe. 1649 Culpeper. 1722 Joseph Miller (Aspergula odorata).
Perennial Herb [6]
Europe. Cultivated in England in 1597. 1649 Culpeper.
P X
Shrub [3, 4, 5]
1762: Dr. Garden, Charleston, SC; 1807: Bartram
China. Named for Dr. Alexander Garden of Charleston, SC who was a friend of Linnaeus.
X
Vine [4, 5]
1734: M. Catesby; 1771: T. Jefferson; 1783 Bartram; 1793: J. Skipwith
N. American native, Southeastern USA (VA to TX). Introduced in 1640.
N P
Perennial [5, 6]
Eastern USA woodlands. Sent to Europe in 1732.
N X
Perennial [4, 5, 6, 7]
Europe. Linneaus (1707-1778).
E X
Perennial Corm [4, 5]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith
Eastern Mediterranean. 1629 Hatfield House/Cranborne Garden Centre.
Annual [6, 7, 8, 9]
1734: Collinson sent to Custis; 1760: Townley (Boston); 1767: T. Jefferson
Tropical Asia
Perennial [N/A]
1748: P. Kalm; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Western Europe. Removal begun in 2004, invasive.
P X
Perennial [7, 8, 9, 10]
Saskatchewan, Ontario, Maine south
N X
Perennial [9]
Eastern USA
N
Perennial [6, 7, 8, 9]
N. American native
N
Annual [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1786: T. Jefferson
Peruvian Andes
X
Perennial [1, 12]
Austria. Culivated since Roman times. Introduced to Britain circa 1596.
X
Perennial [2, 3, 4]
Eastern Europe/Asia Minor. 1597 Gerard. J. B. de Lamarck (1744-1829). Favretti states suitable for gardens 1776-1850. Elizabeth Lawrence via The Homestead garden.
E
Perennial Tuber [5, 6]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith
Asia. Introduced to Europe in 1576.
P
Perennial Tuber [5, 6, 7]
1793: Spurrier; 1793: J. Skipwith
Temperate East Asia. Introduced in 1570. These have not survived well here in The Homestead garden, possibly too warm (Zone 7b) Old House Gardens says best in cool climate.
E X
Perennial Tuber [5, 6, 7]
1822: Prince Nursery
Temperate East Asia. Introduced to Britain in 1759. Parent plant of the hybrid ‘Stella d’Oro’.
P
Biennial [5, 6]
1735: Collinson sent to Custis; 1762: Bartram; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: Spurrier
Europe (Italy), Western & Central Asia. Introduced by 1572.
X
Perennial [6, 7, 8]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1792 Bartram; 1793: J. Skipwith
Southeastern United States
N
Perennial [6, 7, 8]
1783: Bartram
Coastal wetlands in NC to TX and up the Mississippi River to AR
N X
Perennial [4, 5, 6]
1783: Bartram
N. American native (MD to IN & south to FL & AL). Introduced to the Jardin des Plants in Paris in 1644.
N
Perennial Bulb [3, 4]
1800: H. Middleton
Spain 1601. 1722 Joseph Miller. Philip Miller of Chelsea Physick Garden (1691-1771). Hatfield House/Cranborne Garden Centre gives 1683 date (Scilla hispanica)
Perennial Bulb [2, 3, 4]
1766: T. Jefferson; 1793: J. Skipwith; 1799: G. French
Asia Minor and Central Asia. 1596 Hatfield House/Cranborne Garden Centre.
E
Shrub [5, 6, 7]
1776: W. Bartram; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Southeastern USA (GA to FL). Introduced in 1803.
N P
Perennial Herb [6]
1736: Wm Byrd II; Early 1800s: Middleton (SC)
Asia Minor. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1739 Hatfield House/Cranborne Garden Centre. 1746 Tho. Short.
Perennial Herb [5, 6]
1709: J. Lawson; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1760: Mt. Vernon; 1761: Bethabara; 1794: T. Jefferson
Southern Europe, Western Asia. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P
Perennial [3, 4]
1760: Townley (Boston); 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith
Southern Europe.
P X
Tree [5]
1772: T. Jefferson; 1783 Bartram; 1785: Mt. Vernon
N. American native (MA to FL to TX).
N P X
Shrub [6, 7]
Eastern USA. Bartram sent to Collinson in England in 1736.
N
Shrub [5]
1709: J. Lawson
N. American native (Southeastern US)
N X
Shrub [5]
1709: J. Lawson; 1735: J. Custis; 1771: T. Jefferson; 1783 Bartram
N. American native (Southeastern US). Sent to England in 1726 by Mark Catesby.
N P
Annual [8, 9]
1791: T. Jefferson; 1802: M’Mahon
Tropical South America. Introduced in 1629. Prolific self sower - could become invasive.
X
Perennial Rhizome [3, 4]
Yemen & Saudi Arabia. Gaetano Savi (1769-1844). Tradition holds that the Moors brought it to Spain from the Arabian peninsula to plant on the graves of fallen Muslim soldiers. Spanish colonists then brought it to Florida in the 1500’s and planted them in cemeteries there. Has been in cultivation since at least 1400 BC.
E
Perennial Rhizome [3, 4]
Parent species are native to the Southeast. Plants termed Louisiana Iris are interspecific hybrids encompassing varying percentages of the native parent species.
N
Perennial Rhizome [4]
1672: Josselyn; 1771: T. Jefferson
Northern Europe. During the 1800’s collectors discovered the same variety in the gardens of Kathmandu and introduced it as ‘Nepalensis’
E
Perennial Rhizome [3, 4]
Fragrant red-purple native of northern Italy (Lake Como area). Ogden: “another old pseudospecies inherited from the gardens of antiquity”. They are remontant and known to rebloom in the fall and into winter.
E
Perennial Rhizome [4, 5]
1672: Josselyn; 1737: Brickell; 1793: J. Skipwith
Italy. Flower nearly white with traces of blue or purple. Ogden: “Remontant in favorable years”. 1746 Tho. Short.
P
Perennial Rhizome [4, 5]
1793: J. Skipwith; 1819: Bloodgood (NY)
Turkey. 1596 Hatfield House/Cranborne Garden Centre.
E
Perennial Rhizome [4, 5, 6]
1767: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Europe, North Africa, Syria
X
Perennial Rhizome [5]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; Early 1800s: Middleton (SC); 1806: M’Mahon
Temperate Eurasia (France to Lake Baikal). Introduced in 1596.
P
Perennial Rhizome [5]
S. Europe to Afghanistan. 1753 Linnaeus. Introduced to Britain in 1759. 1850-1900 Favretti. Previously known as I. ochroleuca, beardless.
E X
Perennial Rhizome [5]
Native (VA to LA)
N
Perennial Vine [6, 7, 8]
1794 T. Jefferson
Caucasus, northern Persia, Himalayas, and China. Common in England before 1548.
X
Perennial Vine [8, 9]
1738: Collinson sent to Custis
South Asia (India?), freezes to ground in Zone 8, then blooms late summer/fall, very fragrant
X
Perennial [8, 9]
1753 Linnaeus
N
Annual [6, 7, 8, 9]
1804: M’Mahon
Introduced in 1790 from SE Asia or Africa
X
Annual Vegetable [N/A]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1709: J. Lawson; 1759: Bethabara
Temperate Eurasia.
P
Tree [6, 7, 8, 9]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1786: Charleston, SC
China. Introduced in 1747.
P
Shrub [6, 7, 8, 9]
1793: J. Skipwith; 1806: M’Mahon
Caribbean territories. We should use orange/red/yellow color for accuracy.
X
Perennial Vine [5]
1760: Townley (Boston); 1771: T. Jefferson; 1793: J. Skipwith
Chile
X
Annual [5]
1760: Mt. Vernon; 1761: Bethabara; 1771: T. Jefferson; 1793: J. Skipwith
Italy. Introduced 1699.
X
Tree [6]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1736 Collinson sent to Custis; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1811: Landreth
Southern Mediterranean. “The true laurel of antiquity whose branches in garland symbolized victory or accomplishment” - Hortus. 1746 Tho. Short. 1649 Culpeper.
Perennial Herb [6, 7, 8]
1761: Bethabara; 1736: Wm. Byrd II
Western Mediterranean basin. 1649 Culpeper. Philip Miller (1691-1771) Chelsea Physick Garden. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P X
Perennial Herb [5, 6]
1735: Collinson sent to Custis
Southern Europe, N. Africa. Cultivated since ancient times. 1548 Wm. Turner. 1597 Gerard. Called French Lavender in Europe and called Spanish Lavender in the USA.
X
Perennial Herb [5, 6]
1761: Bethabara
Southern Europe, Mediterranean, North Africa. A natural hybrid of L. angustifolia & L. latifolia. French used them for oil in early 1820’s.
Bulb [2, 3, 4]
Great Britain to Iran. 1596 Hatfield House/Cranborne Garden Centre. Favretti says suitable for gardens 1776-1850.
E
Perennial Herb [7, 8]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1760: Mt. Vernon; 1761: Bethabara
Southern Europe. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P X
Perennial Bulb [7]
Pilgrims - Plymouth, MA; 1654: Wm. Bradford; 1761: Bethabara; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1782: T. Jefferson
Southern Europe to Southwest Asia.
P X
Perennial [5, 6]
1736: Wm. Byrd II
Europe
X
Perennial [7, 8, 9]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1783: Bartram; 1807: T. Jefferson
N. American native (southern & southeastern USA).
N P X
Vine [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
1771: T. Jefferson; 1783 Bartram; 1793: J. Skipwith
N. American native, Eastern USA
N
Biennial [4, 5]
1672: Josselyn; 1767: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Southern Europe, Mediterranean. Cultivated in Britain in 1596.
E
Perennial [6, 7]
1804: M’Mahon; 1807: T. Jefferson
Central and Eastern Russia to NW China
X
Perennial [5, 6, 7]
1767: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Temperate North America. Classified as a short-lived perennial, it is also considered a biennial or annual according to some sources. 1746 Tho. Short.
N E
Perennial [4, 5, 6]
1761: Mt. Vernon
Europe
Perennial Bulb [9]
ca. 1870s: See Comments
China & Japan. 1758 Hatfield House/Cranborne GardenCentre. C.L. L’Hertier (1746-1800). Rear Admiral James Gilchrist Green who married a local girl from Edenton brought the bulbs from Japan ca. 1870’s. The bulbs became popular passalong plants which no self-respecting southern garden should be without, and so they have been passed along to the Cupola house garden despite their later date.
E
Tree [4, 5, 6]
1737: J.Custis
Southeastern US, 30-40’ tall
N X
Tree [6]
1736 J.Custis; 1785: Mt. Vernon; 1783 Bartram; 1790: T. Jefferson
N. American native (MA to FL & TX).
N P
Tree [4]
1784: St. G. Tucker
VA to FL and MS. Cultivated in Britain in 1725.
N
Tree [4]
1700
Kazakhstan. 1700 Grown by Newtown Creek in NY state on estate of Gershom Moore. 1755 William Smith, Surry County, VA. 1769 T. Jefferson. 1799 Richard Parkinson declared it the New World’s best apple.
Tree [4]
1763: T. Sorsby
Kazakhstan.
P X
Tree [4]
Kazakhstan. Legend states this cultivar probably originated near Lake Mattamuskeet, NC, and that the seed was taken from the gizzard of a wild goose by the Mattamuskeet Indians.
Perennial Herb [6, 7]
1802: M’Mahon
Europe, Northern Asia. 1649 Culpeper. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P
Annual Herb [6, 7, 8, 9]
1761: Bethabara
Temperate Northern Hemisphere. ? too hot for coastal plain
N P X
Annual [4, 5, 6]
1771: T. Jefferson
Europe, Central and SW Asia, N. Africa
Annual [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
1780s: Mount Vernon
Europe, Central and SW Asia, N. Africa. Robert Brown (1773-1858).
X
Perennial Herb [6, 7]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1760: Mt. Vernon; 1761: Bethabara; 1794: T. Jefferson
Mediterranean. 1573 Hatfield House/Cranborne Garden Centre. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P
Perennial Herb [8]
1672: Josselyn; 1760: Mt. Vernon
Europe.
P X
Perennial Herb [7]
1761: Bethabara
Europe, Asia, Africa. 1649 Culpeper. 1722 Joseph Miller.
P
Perennial Herb [7, 8]
Europe. J. F. Ehrhart (1742-1795). Favretti states suitable for 1600-1776 garden.
P X
Perennial Herb [7]
1802: M’Mahon
Europe, Asia, Africa. 1649 Culpeper, Linnaeus. 1722 Joseph Miller. A natural hybrid between watermint (Mentha aquatica) & spearmint (Mentha spicata).
P
Perennial Bulb [4, 5]
1734: J.Custis; 1766: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith
NY to MN and south to SC & AR. Cultivated in England in 1699.
N X
Perennial [7, 8, 9, 10]
1767: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1802: M’Mahon
South America. Can be invasive
E
Perennial Herb [6, 7, 8]
1783: Bartram; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1790s: Faris
New York to Michigan and south to Georgia & Tennessee.
N P
Perennial herb [10]
Mid to Eastern Canada and Mid to Eastern US. Favretti states suitable for 1776-1850 garden.
N
Shrub [3, 4]
1709: J. Lawson; 1741: J. Custis; 1771: Prince
N. American native, DE to FL & TX. Formerly known as Myrica cerifera.
N P
Perennial Bulb [3]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: Spurrier
Southern Europe (Italy). Introduced to Britain in 1596.
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7]
1780s: Mt. Vernon
Southern Europe. 1649 Culpeper. Linnaeus (1707-1778).
P X
Perennial Bulb [3, 4]
1806: M’Mahon
Europe (Portugal). Introduced to Britain in 1629. Early, short, yellow flower with funnel-like cups and tiny ribboned petals. Mid season blooming. 13Y-Y
Perennial Bulb [3, 4]
1766: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Southern Europe, N. Africa (Algeria). Introduced to Britain in 1596. Clusters of nickel-sized yellow flowers, rush-like green leaves. Early blooming. 13Y-Y
P
Perennial Bulb [2, 3]
pre-1869
Spain. Hybridized in England by Wm. Backhouse. A variety of N. moschatus. Early to mid-season, 1W-W, dwarf <12.8”. Perianth and trumpet sulphur turning to creamy white. Bulbs rescued with permission from an old Chowan County homestead. E.H.
E
Perennial Bulb [3]
Spanish Pyrenees, sent to Clusius by Venerius in 1604, 1629 John Parkinson, 1633 Gerard, 1762 Linnaeus. Early blooming, white trumpet, corona hangs its head surrounded by a drooping perianth of twisted segments, 10-12”, 13W-W. Some bulbs rescued with permission from old Chowan County homestead.
E
Perennial Bulb [3]
Tenby, Wales. Cultivated 1613. 1796? Golden large cups with petals of similar color up to 12” high. Very early blooming. 13Y-Y
X
Perennial Bulb [4]
Early 1800s: Middleton (SC); 1806: M’Mahon
Southern Europe (Spain to Greece). White petals with tiny yellow eye edged in red. Late blooming. 9W-YYR
Perennial Bulb [4]
1831
Spain into the Balkans. 1600’s pictured in English herbals. Late blooming. 13W-YYR
Perennial Bulb [2, 3]
1759: Bethabara; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1806: M’Mahon
Wales to Portugal.In English gardens by 1200. Narrow deep yellow trumpet and forward-swept paler yellow petals. 13Y-Y, Very early blooming. Some bulbs rescued with permission from old Chowan County homestead.
E
Perennial Bulb [3, 4]
Unknown country of origin. Pre-1820, 4 W-Y, registered with the RHS. Rescued with permission from Bennett’s Millpond and from an old Chowan County homestead. E.H.
E
Perennial Bulb [12, 1]
1792: M. Collins; 1793: J. Skipwith; 1799: Ads in 6 southern nursery lists
Canary Islands to Japan. Off-white flowers with a small creamy yellow cup. This is a sterile hybrid between N. tazetta (cream narcissus) and N. papyraceus (paperwhite narcissus) found in Italy altho N. papyraceus is not an Italian native but was introduced long ago and naturalized along the coast. No longer available in the plant trade. Very early blooming. 8W-Y
Perennial Bulb [3]
1730s: Bartram to Collinson; 1793: J. Skipwith
Introduced to Britain in 1629 (Parkinson). 1614 de Pas’ Hortus Floridus. Flowers double, yellow and green. Sometimes called ‘Butter and Eggs’ but is not the true ‘Butter and Eggs’. 4Y-Y, Very early blooming. According to a chapter in the Daffodil Handbook written in 1966 by Dr. John C. Wister, Bartram wrote to Collinson in the 1730’s that his daffodils were plentiful and that he did not want any more. Unfortunately he did not describe the kinds he was growing. It seems likely that among them was Telamonius Plenus which, under the name of Van Sion, is still to be found in old gardens. Some bulbs rescued with permission from old Chowan County homestead.
E
Perennial Bulb [3]
Introduced to Britain in 1731. Flowers double, yellow and orange. 4W-O, Early blooming. Rescued with permission from old Chowan County homestead.
E
Perennial Bulb [3, 4]
Cross between N. tazetta & N. jonquilla. Published in Flora Gallica in 1806. Mid-season, 13 Y-Y Bulbs rescued with permission from old Chowan County homestead.
E
Perennial Bulb [4, 5]
Europe, Asia, N. Africa. Fragrant, two blooms/stem, white petals, tiny yellow cup. 1597 Gerard, 1629 Parkinson. Philip Miller (1691-1771) Chelsea Physick Garden. 13W-Y, Very late blooming.
E
Perennial Bulb [2, 3, 4]
circa 1801: Elgin Bot. Garden, Elgin, NY; 1806: M’Mahon
Eastern Mediterranean. Hybrid cross between the wild jonquil and the Lent Lily (N. pseudonarcissus) but is regarded as a botanical because it was discovered as a wild flower in the 17th century. Listed by Clusius in 1595 and Linnaeus in 1762. Favretti states suitable for 1776-1850 garden. 13Y-Y, Early blooming. Some bulbs rescued with permission from old Chowan County homestead.
E
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7]
1631: Winthrop, Jr.; 1790: Faris
Eastern Mediterranean. 1722 Joseph Miller.
Shrub [6, 7]
1760: Christopher Witt (PA); 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1790: Prince; 1793: J. Skipwith
Southern Europe, Mediterranean.
P
Annual [7, 8, 9]
1780s: Mt. Vernon
Brazil
X
Annual [6]
1802: M’Mahon
Mediterranean & Western Asia. Annual but self sows.
X
Annual Herb [7, 8, 9]
1631: Winthrop, Jr.; 1709: J. Lawson; 1761: Bethabara
Old World Tropics (India). 1722 Joseph Miller.
P
Annual Herb [7, 8, 9]
1760: Mt. Vernon
Tropical Asia & Africa
X
Perennial [7, 8, 9, 10]
TX & LA
N
Tender Perennial Herb [7, 8]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1759: Bethabara; 1794: T. Jefferson
Mediterranean (N. Africa or Portugal). 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P X
Perennial Herb [6, 7, 8, 9]
1672: Josselyn; 1760: Mt. Vernon; 1802: M’Mahon
Mediterranean & Temperate Asia. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P
Perennial Bulb [4]
1793: J. Skipwith; 1802: M’Mahon
Mediterranean. In process of removing, invasive.
X
Perennial [3, 4]
MD to MO and south to FL & AR. Cultivated in England in 1759.
N
Perennial [5, 6]
1737: Brickell; 1771: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Temperate Eurasia. 1722 Joseph Miller.
P X
Annual [3, 4, 5, 6]
M’Mahon; 1802: T. Jefferson; 1807
Eurasia and North Africa
X
Annual [5, 6]
1760: Townley (Boston); 1761: Bethabara; 1781: Dr. Bond Philadelphia, PA
Greece, Subtropical Asia.
E
Vine [6]
1804: M’Mahon
N. American native (New England to FL & Mexico to OH, IL, MO). Inconspicuous white flowers.
N
Perennial Vine [7, 8]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1802: M’Mahon
Tropical S. America
X
Perennial Vine [7, 8]
1737: J. Custis
Native MD to FL to TX. Edible fruit.
N X
Perennial Herb [5, 6]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: Ads in 6 southern nursery lists; 1793: J. Skipwith
South Africa
Perennial [3, 4, 5, 6]
Eastern and Southeastern US. Will naturalize.
N X
Perennial [5, 6]
Eastern and Southeastern US. Will naturalize.
N X
Perennial [5, 6]
Eastern and Southeastern US. Will naturalize.
N X
Perennial [5, 6]
Eastern and Southeastern US. Will naturalize.
N X
Perennial [5, 6]
Eastern TN, NC, SC.
N X
Tree [6, 7]
N. American native (DE to FL). Introduced to England in 1739.
N
Biennial Herb [6]
1736: Wm Byrd II; 1759: Bethabara; 1774: T. Jefferson
Southern Europe. 1649 Culpeper. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
Annual [6, 7, 8, 9]
1791: T. Jefferson. 1806: M’Mahon
Mexico
X
Vegetable [5, 6]
T. Jefferson; 1777
Mesoamerica in Pre-Columbian cultural areas
X
Vegetable [5, 6]
T. Jefferson; 1794: M’Mahon; 1802
Andes/Mesoamerica
X
Shrub [4, 5]
1771: Prince Nursery, NY
Turkey. Intro. in Europe in 1562.
X
Perennial [7, 8]
1736: Collinson sent to Custis
Mediterranean
Perennial [5]
1737: Bartram; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Quebec to Southcentral USA. Grows abundantly near the Roanoke River near Weldon, NC.
N X
Perennial [7, 8, 9]
1765: Bartram; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith
N. American native (NY to IA & south to GA & AL).
N E P
Perennial [4, 5]
Native (CT to ND and south to TX & FL), lavender blooms, grows wild in Chowan County
N E X
Perennial [3, 4, 5]
1745 Bartram
Eastern and Central United States
N
Perennial [8, 9, 10]
1804: M’Mahon
Eastern & Central North America.
N E
Perennial [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1806: M’Mahon
China, Japan, Korea, E. Siberia.
P
Perennial Bulb [8, 9, 10]
1735: Collinson sent to Custis; 1792: M. Colllins; 1793: J. Skipwith
Mexico
Perennial [5]
1672: Josselyn; 1793: J. Skipwith
Southern Canada & Eastern USA
N
Annual [6, 7, 8]
1737: J. Custis
China to the Himalayas
X
Perennial [N/A]
Eastern North America
N
Perennial [4, 5]
1767: T. Jefferson
Northern Europe. 1596 Gerard’s Herbal. Yellow, 6”-12” tall. Anne Isabella Iredell (daughter of Judge James and Hannah Johnston Iredell) requested auricular seeds in a letter dated August 27, 1806 to her brother James who was studying at Princeton. She was an avid gardener and thought James might be able to obtain seeds from ladies of his acquaintance. Anne lived on Church St. in Edenton, NC.
X
Perennial [4, 5]
1806: M’Mahon
England. Introduced in 1764. 10” tall, dark-eyed yellow flowers.
X
Perennial [4, 5]
1747: K. Risteau, Maryland
Temperate Europe and Asia. Has larger yellow flowers than the P. elatior.
X
Perennial [4, 5]
1771: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith
Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa. Long cultivated. 1722 Joseph Miller. Use yellow color only.
E
Perennial [4, 5]
1812: T. Jefferson
England. Introduced in 1693. This is the most often cultivated type of primrose, but it may be a bit age-wise late for our garden. Wide range of colors.
X
Tree [3, 4]
Europe and Western Asia. ‘Emperor Francis’ is the closest substitute to the old white heart cultivated in the 1700’s.
P X
Tree [3, 4]
Europe and Western Asia. ‘Windsor’ is the closest substitute to the black heart cherry cultivated in the 1700’s.
P X
Tree [3]
Texas to North Carolina. Good for hedging. Highly toxic!
N X
Tree [4]
France (Montmorency Valley), developed sometime before the 17th century. Did not thrive here.
X
Tree [3, 4]
1755: Wm. Smith, Williamsburg, VA; 1783: T. Jefferson
Developed in France from a green-fruited wild plum originally found in Asia Minor.
P
Tree [3, 4]
European prune-type plum thought to be an ancient hybrid.
Tree [3]
1629: MA - Pilgrims; 1771: Prince, T. Jefferson
Europe, Northern Asia
X
Tree [5, 6]
1736: Wm Byrd II; Early 1760s: MA - Pilgrims; 1769: T. Jefferson; 1792: Bartram
Mediterranean & S. Asia. Cultivated since time immemorial.
P
Tree [3]
1790: Wm. Faris; 1807: T. Jefferson
Central & Eastern Europe and SW Asia
Tree [3]
United Kingdom. Descended from 2 wild hybrids (P. communis subsp. communis brought to Northern Europe by the Romans and P. communis subsp. Pyraster). Grown for hard cider called perry. Elliptical shaped fruit. Jefferson cites 3 English pears in 1778. Perhaps one was this perry pear?
Tree [4]
Mid 19th C
Cross by Peter Kieffer of Chinese Sand pear with Bartlett pear. Kieffer came to America in 1834 so it was after that time and before his death in 1891. It was the first hybridized oriental pear tree. It is just outside the garden where we use it for pollination of the Seckel pear in the garden.
Perennial Corm [5, 6]
1741: Collinson sent to Custis; 1786: VA Journal ad; 1807: T. Jefferson
Persia. In 17th C it was used as a “florist’s flower” being potted up instead of as a cut flower.
X
Perennial [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Europe, N. Africa, Caucasus. Favretti states suitable for 1776-1850 garden.
Annual Vegetable [N/A]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1802: M’Mahon; 1809: T. Jefferson
China
X
Shrub [4]
N. American native (AL to FL).
N P
Shrub [4]
1832: Kenrick (Boston)
N. American native (WV to GA). Cultivated since 1800.
N P X
Annual [7, 8, 9]
1780: Mt. Vernon. 1781: T. Jefferson; 18th C.: Landon Carter (Sabine Hall) VA
Africa. Naturalized in American and Asian tropics. Introduced to Britain 1590. Gerard 1633. Can be traced to the 3rd C. BC. Source of ricin. Extremely toxic, must remove seed heads to prevent toxic seed production! One seed can be fatal.
X
Shrub [5, 6]
ca. 1850?. Will be replaced.
Climber [4, 5]
1826: Prince
China. Introduced in England in 1796.
E X
Shrub [4, 5, 9, 10]
Mid 18th Century; 1810: Champney
1752 China. Blooms irregularly all year.
E
Shrub [5, 6]
1742: Collinson sent to Custis
ca. 1551 England. Used as a symbol of the end of the War of Roses and unification of the Houses of York and Lancaster.
Shrub [5, 6]
1771: T. Jefferson; 1786: Mt. Vernon
Recorded in literature from Chaucer to Shakespeare.
Shrub [5, 6]
Before 1780
Brought to France from Damascus by crusaders.
Shrub [5, 6]
1761: Bethabara
South & Central Europe east to Turkey and the Caucasus. An emblem of the House of Lancaster during War of the Roses in the 15th Century. Popular with apothecaries of the Middle Ages.
Shrub [6]
1740: Collinson sent to Custis; 1791: T. Jefferson
Middle East. Returning Crusaders introduced to England. Introduced in the 16th C. or before. Crimson & pale pink stripes, few thorns, 4’x4’, good for hedge or mixed border.
Shrub [4, 5]
1780; 1804: T. Jefferson
S. China, Formosa, Burma.
P
Shrub [4, 5, 6]
1802
Charleston, SC. John Champney created this 1st American hybrid rose.
Shrub [5, 6]
Eastern North America
N X
Shrub [5, 6]
Before 1814
E. Asia (China & Himalayas). England 1820.
E
Shrub [5, 6]
Ca. 1750
Scotland. Rose was “found” in 1949 by Jackson M. Batchelor growing in the garden of a 1750’s plantation near Wilmington, NC. This area was originally settled by Scottish & English immigrants and it is felt it came with them. This rose shows no relationship to the R. spinosissima or R. pimpinellifolia.
Shrub [5, 6]
1740: Collinson sent to Custis; 1791: T. Jefferson
Carried to Europe from Damascus, Syria, by crusaders. Evidence suggests it was brought to our west coast by Spanish missionaries.
Perennial Herb [2, 3, 4]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1709: J. Lawson; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1794: T. Jefferson
Southern Europe, Asia Minor. Cultivated for centuries. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
P
Perennial [6, 7]
1806: M’Mahon
N. American native (NJ west to IL)
N
Perennial [6, 7, 8]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1783: Bartram
North America (Canada, Eastern USA). Cultivated in Britain in 1732 by James Sherard.
N P
Perennial [6, 7]
East coast native through to Florida
N
Perennial Herb [5]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1761: Bethabara; 1774: T. Jefferson
Europe, Asia. Naturalized from Canada to Pennsylvania.
P
Perennial Herb [7, 8]
1709: J. Lawson; 1761: Bethabara; 1794: T. Jefferson
Southern Europe, North Temperate Zone.
P X
Shrub-size Tree [6]
1736: Wm Byrd II
Southeastern US. A “volunteer” in the garden.
N
Perennial Herb [9, 10]
Mexico & Guatemala. N. H. Vahl (1749-1804).
X
Perennial Herb [3, 4, 5, 6]
Native to Eastern US (NY to FL to TX)
N
Perennial Herb [6, 7]
1761: Bethabara; 1794: T. Jefferson
Mediterranean. 1649 Culpeper. 1722 Joseph Miller.
P X
Biennial Herb [5, 6]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1670: J. Josselyn; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
S. Europe & Syria.
P X
Perennial Herb [3]
1735: Custis; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: J. Skipwith
Eastern North America
N
Perennial Herb [5, 6]
1620s: Pilgrims; 1736: Wm Byrd II
Europe. 1722 Joseph Miller.
P X
Perennial Herb [6]
Mediterranean. 1649 Culpeper. Favretti states suitable for 1600-1776 garden.
P X
Perennial Herb [6]
T. Jefferson (undated manuscript)
Spain, Portugal, S. France. Philip Miller (1691-1771) Chelsea Physick Garden.
P
Perennial Herb [6]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; ca. 1800: T. Jefferson
Europe
Annual Herb [6, 7]
1631: Winthrop, Jr.; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1802: M’Mahon; ca. 1820: T. Jefferson
Northern Hemisphere. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
N P X
Perennial Herb [8, 9, 10]
1631: Winthrop,Jr.; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1802: M’Mahon 1820: T. Jefferson
Northern Hemisphere. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
N
Annual [7, 8, 9]
1760 Townley, Boston; 1793 Skipwith
Mediterranean. Introduced into cultivation in 1621.
Annual Herb [8, 9]
1808: T. Jefferson
Central America (El Salvador). Linneaus (1707-1778).
X
Annual or Biennial [6]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1799: G. French; 1802: M’Mahon
Southern Europe
Perennial [4, 5, 6]
ca. 1800: T. Jefferson
Native to coastal plain of NC to FL and west to TX
N
Vine [N/A]
1731: M. Catesby; 1736: Wm Byrd II
N. American native (Eastern USA)
N
Perennial [9, 10]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1799: Ads in 6 southern nursery lists; 1802: M’Mahon
N. American native
N
Shrub [7, 8, 9]
1738: Collinson sent to Custis
Mediterranean
X
Perennial Herb [5, 6]
1761: Bethabara
Turkey, Southwest Asia.
P X
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7]
1761: Bethabara
Europe
Perennial Bulb [9]
1793 J. Skipwith
W. Mediterranean to Central Asia, grown in England 1596, like a yellow crocus. Sometimes called Autumn Daffodil.
Shrub [5]
Eastern N. America, grows in Chowan County. Linnaeus (1707-1778).
N X
Perennial [6, 7]
1780s: Mt. Vernon
N. American native (SC to LA). Introduced to England ca. 1766 by James Gordon.
N
Perennial [9, 10]
1737: J. Bartram; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
N. American native (New England). Flower is dark blue/purple.
N
Perennial [9, 10]
1804: M’Mahon
N. American native. So named because they bloom around the time of St. Michael’s day (Sept. 29th). Flower is light blue.
N
Perennial Herb [5, 6]
1709: J. Lawson; 1761: Bethabara
Europe, Asia
Perennial Herb [8, 9, 10, 11]
Central to South America (Guatemala & the state of Oaxaca, Mexico). Used by the Aztecs in their ritual incense. A good substitute for French Tarragon.
Annual [7, 8, 9, 10]
1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1793: Spurrier; 1793: J. Skipwith
Mexico
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
1672: Josselyn; 1709: J. Lawson
Temperate northern hemisphere. Long cultivated. A short-lived perennial herb.
N P
Perennial Herb [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
1709: J. Lawson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1794: T. Jefferson
Europe, Asia. 1722 Joseph Miller. 1746 Tho. Short.
Perennial Herb [6, 7, 8, 9]
1760: Mt. Vernon
South & Central Europe, Near East, Morocco. 1746 Tho. Short. Does not grow well here, too hot.
P
Perennial [5, 6]
1709: J. Lawson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon
Eurasia
X
Perennial [5, 6]
Mountains of AL, TN, NC, SC, GA, WV. Cut foliage back about a month after flowering.
N
Perennial Herb [4, 5]
1709: J. Lawson; 1759: Bethabara; 1760: Mt. Vernon; 1794: T. Jefferson
Southern Europe. 1722 Joseph Miller.
P
Perennial Herb [6, 7]
1794: T. Jefferson
Southern Europe & Asia. 1649 Culpeper.
X
Perennial Herb [4, 5]
1802: M’Mahon
Southern Europe. This is a cross between T. vulgaris and T. pulegioides. J. C. D. vonSchrerber (1739-1810).
P X
Perennial [4, 5, 6]
1793: J. Skipwith; 1802: M’Mahon
Southeast USA
N
Biennial Flower [4, 5]
1761: Bethabara; 1774: T. Jefferson
Europe (Mediterranean)
Annual [6, 7, 8]
1759: Bethabara; 1774: T. Jefferson
South America (Peru)
X
Annual Bulb [3, 4]
1959
Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia. Fringed, pure white with “lace” on petal edges, 16-22”, mid season
X
Annual Bulb [4]
Turkestan. 6-8” Kaufmanniana hybrid, exterior rose/soft pink, interior white with yellow center encircled by red ring, early
X
Annual Bulb [4]
Turkey, Iran & Central Asia, 14-18’ tall, fringed, pale purple, late
X
Annual Bulb [4]
1782: T. Jefferson
Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia. In existence since 1665. 14” - 18” tall, bright violet-blue, fringed, late.
X
Annual Bulb [4, 5]
Turkey, Iran and Central Asia, 16-20” lily-flowered, medium pink with white heart, late
X
Annual Bulb [5]
1954
Turkey, Iran & Central Asia, parrot, red flames on white, late, 18-20”
X
Annual Bulb [3, 4]
1750: Mt. Vernon
Asia Minor. Introduced to Europe in the 16th century. Single early tulip, bright scarlet edged in vivid yellow. 12-14”
X
Annual Bulb [4]
Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia. Medium lilac/purple with small white heart, 18-20”, double/peony, late. Didn’t do well for us.
X
Annual Bulb [4]
1903
Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia, 20” tall, pale yellow with fringed petals, late, Darwin Hybrid
Annual Bulb [4]
1942
Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia. Lily flowered, deep satin rose with silvery white base and edges, 16-20”, late.
X
Annual Bulb [3]
Turkey, Iran and Central Asia. Parrot, purple/rose splashed with light yellowish-green, 20”, late
X
Annual Bulb [4]
1959
Turkey, Iran & Central Asia, rosy white exterior flamed with cardinal red. Rembrandt type, single late tulip, 18-20” tall
Annual Bulb [4]
1943
Turkey, Iran, Central Asia. Yellow lily-flowered. 20-24”, late
X
Annual Bulb [4]
1942
Turkey, Iran and Central Asia, 23-25”, lily-flowered, white, late
X
Annual Bulb [3, 4]
ca. 1782: T. Jefferson
Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia. In existence since 1665. Parrot, yellow, 18-20”, late.
X
Annual Bulb [4]
1979
Darwin Hybrids originated in Belgium circa 1700. This is a newer Giant Darwin Hybrid, 20-22” tall, blooms mid-spring.
X
Annual bulb [3, 4]
ca. 1782 T. Jefferson
Turkey, Iran and Central Asia. In existence since 1665. Parrot, white, 14”, late.
X
Perennial Bulb [4, 5]
Turkey, Iran, and Cenral Asia. Lily-flowered, pink/white, late, 20-24” tall.
Perennial Bulb [4]
Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia. Double, early to mid-spring, pink/rose, 10-12” tall.
Perennial Bulb [3]
Greece (Crete), S. Turkey. Species tulip. 6” tall.
X
Perennial Bulb [4]
Asia Minor (Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan). Yellow and orange-red with yellow center. Dates to 1607.
Perennial Bulb [3, 4]
Asia Minor (Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan). Species, rose-red edged with white, 10-14”, mid spring. 1607, introduced to Britain in 1636.
Tree [4]
1670: D. Henchman (Boston); 1709: J. Lawson; 1785: Mt. Vernon; 1790: T. Jefferson
North American native (Gaspe to Saskatchewan and south to FL & TX). Introduced to England in 1752. Volunteer in fence line on west side after 1976.
N X
Shrub [5]
VA to FL west to KS south to TX.
N X
Annual Herb [6]
1736: Wm. Byrd II
Europe, North Africa, Asia
X
Perennial Herb [5, 6]
1800: H. Middleton
Europe, Asia. Linnaeus (1707-1778).
P X
Shrub [3]
1804: M’Mahon
Mediterranean region.
P
Annual [7, 8, 9]
1792: T. Jefferson
Central America to tropical S. America. 15-20’ vine. Linnaeus (1707-1778).
X
Annual Vegetable [5, 6]
1738: J.Custis; 1809: T. Jefferson
China & SE Asia. Vigorous climbing annual vine. Best if picked before full maturity.
X
Perennial [3, 4]
1771: T. Jefferson; 1780s: Mt. Vernon; 1807: Bartram
Europe.
P
Perennial [3, 4]
Eastern Canada and south throughout eastern US
N
Perennial [3, 4]
1718: Lawson; 1736: Wm Byrd II; 1767: T. Jefferson; 1793: J. Skipwith
Europe, Temperate Asia
X
Tree [6, 7]
1762: Cultivated in VA; 1807: T. Jefferson
Southern Europe, Western Asia. Introduced in 1570 in England.
P
Perennial Bulb [5]
1793: J. Skipwith
Southeastern US. Indian name is “cullowhee”. Introduced to Britain in 1629.
N
Annual [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
1806: M’Mahon
Peru. 1753 Linnaeus. Introduced in 1770. 3-4’ tall, mixed yellow and orange pastel flowers.
Perennial [5, 6]
Mid to Eastern Canada and Mid to Eastern US.
N